1	GLOBAL WARMING Current Knowledge & Future Projections
2	Greenhouse Effect
3	Man’s Impact on the Atmosphere 270 Billion tons of carbon added since 19th century Since 1750, greenhouse gases in atmosphere increased substantially: CO2 > 31% N20 > 151% CH4 > 17% Prior to 1750, CO2 levels at 280 ppm CO2 levels now 365 ppm; highest level in 400,000 years
4	Worldwide Emissions
5	Global Temperature Increasing
6	Other Indicators of Global Warming
7	Impacts Occurring Now
8	Extreme Weather Events
9	Human Health Impacts
10	Glaciers Are Melting
11	Snowmelt Is Declining
12	Rising Sea Levels Worldwide
13	Changes in Nature
14	Changes in Nature
15	Predicted Future Impacts by 2100
16	Global Impacts CO2 concentrations may increase to 540 ppm - 970 ppm (currently 365 ppm) Average global temperatures predicted to increase 2.5 - 10 °F; U.S. will be higher 3-day heat waves expected to increase 5-10x Glacial melting will accelerate Substantial thawing of permafrost will cause substantial habitat and material losses
17	Global Impacts Sea levels could rise 8” - 24” Agricultural crops, natural habitats and wildlife populations will shift significantly Range of disease-carrying mosquitos and other vectors will expand Will lose 18% of all species by 2050 if we implement aggressive control strategies now; 35% species loss by 2050 if not.
18	Kyoto Protocol Progress
19	U.S. Progress
20	Action Needed Now
21	Feasible Strategies Now Energy conservation Efficient lighting & appliances Increased insulation Behavioral changes Expand Renewable Energy Only 8% of current power mix Wind, solar, biomass now cost-effective w/incentives Wind resources in N.Dakota could supply all U.S. electricity Need greater push for solar Geothermal largely untapped
22	Feasible Strategies Now Increase Vehicle MPG Stricter CAFÉ standards Incentives for hybrids & other high mpg vehicles Disincentives for gas guzzlers Improve public transportation Smart Growth & Trip Reduction measures Increased focus on reducing carbon soot from diesel
23	Near-Term Strategies Introduce Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and develop infrastructure Phase in new technology EVs Replace 20% of fossil fuel power plants with renewable Reconsider nuclear power
24	Long-Term Strategies Essential But Doubtful Phase-out fossil-fuel combustion Re-forest tropical areas Reduce population growth
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26	Strategies to Reduce Emissions & Impacts
27	Kyoto Protocol 1997 Kyoto Protocol - requires countries to reduce CO2 emissions 7% below 1990 levels by 2012 Over 130 nations have signed treaty U.S. has pulled out of treaty; relying on voluntary measures European nations have made significant reductions, but still above Kyoto target U.S emissions continue to climb rapidly
28	U.S. Health Impacts
29	U.S. Habitat Changes
30	Start Now!
31	Extra Slides (not used)